{
 "source": "Buringh, E. and Van Zanden, J. L. (2009). Charting the “Rise of the West”: Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe, 6th-18th c. Journal of Economic History 69(2). Estimates, rounded, as tabled in the book through Solterra’s Cut 25b, including 25b’s corrections (fourteenth century 2,700,000; roughly 12,600,000 printed books). The table left the printed book in 25c.",
 "sources": [
  "Buringh, E. and Van Zanden, J. L. (2009). Charting the “Rise of the West”: Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe, 6th-18th c. Journal of Economic History 69(2).",
  "Estimates, rounded, as tabled in the book through Solterra’s Cut 25b, including 25b’s corrections (fourteenth century 2,700,000; roughly 12,600,000 printed books). The table left the printed book in 25c."
 ],
 "extracted": "2026-09-26, moved out of src/app/manuscripts/page.tsx unchanged so the page and its download read one file",
 "tables": {
  "ROWS": [
   {
    "century": "6th",
    "count": 14000,
    "note": "Rome’s shadow; monasteries founding"
   },
   {
    "century": "7th",
    "count": 11000,
    "note": "The floor: the darkest century"
   },
   {
    "century": "8th",
    "count": 44000,
    "note": "Carolingian recovery begins"
   },
   {
    "century": "9th",
    "count": 200000,
    "note": "Carolingian peak"
   },
   {
    "century": "10th",
    "count": 140000,
    "note": "The dip"
   },
   {
    "century": "11th",
    "count": 210000,
    "note": "Recovery; Bologna founded 1088"
   },
   {
    "century": "12th",
    "count": 770000,
    "note": "Universities; the market takes over from the scriptorium"
   },
   {
    "century": "13th",
    "count": 1800000,
    "note": "Twenty universities by 1300"
   },
   {
    "century": "14th",
    "count": 2700000,
    "note": "Plague century, and still climbing"
   },
   {
    "century": "15th",
    "count": 5000000,
    "note": "Sixty-six universities by 1500"
   }
  ]
 },
 "printedBooks1454to1500": 12600000
}