{ "schemaVersion": "0.2", "generated": "2026-09-25", "about": "Background caves: every city in the Chandler (1987) and Modelski (2003) tables as digitized by Reba, Reitsma and Seto (2016), joined to the UN World Urbanization Prospects 2025 city series from 1975, kept when it clears the display threshold in at least one year. Each point is [year, population, source index]. runs are [year, polity index] from Cliopatria point-in-polygon at century steps (decades after 1800); -1 means no polity polygon covers the point. The caves the book names are removed here and live in caves.json.", "columns": [ "id", "name", "lat", "lon", "geocodeCertainty", "series", "polityRuns" ], "sources": [ "chandler1987", "modelski2003", "wup2025" ], "displayOption": "B", "polities": [ "Holy Roman Empire Minor States", "French Consulate", "First French Empire", "German Confederation", "German Empire", "Kingdom of Belgium", "Weimar Republic", "Nazi Germany", "Federal Republic of Germany", "Federated Republic of Germany", "Oyo Empire", "British Africa", "Federal Republic of Nigeria", "Republic of Côte d'Ivoire", "Ghana", "Sultanate of Aceh", "Dutch East Indies", "Republic of Indonesia", "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "Mamluk Sultanate", "Ottoman Empire", "Muhammad Ali dynasty", "State of Israel", "French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon", "Republic of Turkey", "Ethiopian Empire", "Italian Africa", "Ethiopia", "British Colonial Empire", "Commonwealth of Australia", "Kingdom of Great Britain", "People's Democratic Republic of Yemen", "Republic of Yemen", "Mughal Empire", "British Empire", "British Raj", "Republic of India", "Mexico", "Maratha Empire", "Bahmani Sultanate", "Ahmadnagar Sultanate", "United States of America", "Mitanni", "Hittites", "Assyria", "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "Neo-Babylonian Empire", "Achaemenid Empire", "Seleucid Empire", "Roman Empire", "Eastern Roman Empire", "Umayyad Caliphate", "Abbasid Caliphate", "Tulunids", "Hamdanid Emirates", "Ayyubid Sultanate", "Second Syrian Republic", "United Arab Republic", "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party", "Syria", "Mujahideen", "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics", "Kazakhstan", "First Toungoo Empire", "Konbaung Dynasty", "Burma", "New Kingdom of Egypt", "Kingdom of Jordan", "Sikh Confederacy", "Sikh Empire", "County of Holland", "Duchy of Bavaria", "Habsburg Monarchy", "Dutch Republic", "Batavian Republic", "Netherlands", "Vijayanagara Empire", "Bijapur Sultanate", "Kingdom of Mysore", "Russian Empire", "Republics of the Soviet Union", "Republic of Uzbekistan", "Khmer Empire", "Rattanakosin Kingdom", "French Indochina", "Kingdom of Cambodia", "People's Republic of Kampuchea", "Bagratid Armenia", "Galatia", "Kingdom of Pontus", "Byzantine Empire", "Sultanate of Rum", "Ilkhanate", "Germiyanids", "Qing Dynasty", "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", "Kuomintang", "Republic of China", "Empire of Japan", "People's Republic of China", "Merina Kingdom", "French Africa", "Madagascar", "Principality of Antioch", "County of Brabant", "Iberian Union", "Kingdom of Spain", "Anurādhapura", "Shang Dynasty", "Zhou Dynasty", "Jin", "Zhao", "Han Dynasty", "Cao Cao", "Western Jin", "Later Yan", "Northern Wei", "Sui Dynasty", "Tang Dynasty", "Northern Song", "Southern Song", "Great Jin", "Yuan Dynasty", "Ming Dynasty", "Cai", "Zheng", "Chu", "Later Qin", "Kingdom of Mrauk U", "Carnatic Sultanate", "Inca Empire", "Spanish Empire", "Republic of Peru", "Russian Federation", "Sind-Habbari Dynasty", "Khalji Dynasty", "Sind-Samma Dynasty", "Durrani Empire", "Talpur Dynasty", "Islamic Republic of Pakistan", "Khazaria", "Kimek-Kipchak confederation", "Golden Horde", "Blue Horde", "Astrakhan Khanate", "Tsardom of Russia", "Paraguay", "Empire of Brazil", "Fatimid Caliphate", "Khedivate of Egypt", "Kingdom of Egypt", "Arab Republic of Egypt", "New Zealand", "Bavarians", "Kingdom of the Franks", "East Franks", "Holy Roman Empire", "House of Wittelsbach", "Kingdom of Bavaria", "Middle Kingdom of Egypt", "Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt", "Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt", "Kingdom of Kush", "Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt", "Ptolemaic Kingdom", "Ayutthaya Kingdom", "Kingdom of Thailand", "Kadamba Empire", "Chalukya Dynasty", "Rashtrakuta Dynasty", "Western Chalukya Empire", "Yadava Dynasty", "Kakatiya Dynasty", "Pagan Kingdom", "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom", "Yuezhi", "Kushan Empire", "Indo-Sasanian Empire", "Kidarites", "White Huns", "Karkota Dynasty", "Samanid Empire", "Ghaznavid Empire", "Great Seljuk Empire", "Khwarezmid Dynasty", "Timurid Empire", "Khanate of Bukhara", "Sultanate of Banten", "West Franks", "County of Barcelona", "Crown of Aragon", "Francoist Spain", "Nawab of Awadh", "Kingdom of Sicily", "Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)", "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies", "Kingdom of Italy", "Venezuela", "Republic of Colombia", "Swiss Confederation", "Sasanian Empire", "Buyid Dynasty", "Jalayirid Sultanate", "Aq Qoyunlu", "Kingdom of Iraq", "Iraqi Republic", "Republic of Iraq", "Sokoto Caliphate", "Lebanon", "Brazilian Republic", "Unitary State of Brazil", "Federated Republic of Brazil", "Republic of Brazil", "Serbian Empire", "Kingdom of Hungary", "Serbs", "Kingdom of Serbia", "Yugoslavia", "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "Serbia-Montenegro", "Electorate of Brandenburg", "Brandenburg-Prussia", "Kingdom of Prussia", "Confederation of the Rhine", "French Fourth Republic", "French Fifth Republic", "Golconda Sultanate", "Bidar Sultanate", "Chámpa", "Kingdom of England", "New Granada", "Gran Colombia", "Republic of New Granada", "Granadine Confederation", "Papal States", "Italian Republic", "Kingdom of Sardinia", "Republic of Italy", "Angevin Empire", "Kingdom of France", "Bourbon Kingdom of France", "French Second Republic", "Second French Empire", "French Third Republic", "County of Flanders", "Duchy of Burgundy", "English Colonial Empire", "Kingdom of Bohemia", "Austrian Empire", "Hungarian Nationalists", "Austria-Hungary", "Czechoslovakia", "Hungarian Republic", "Slovakia", "Kingdom of Westphalia", "Duchy of Brunswick", "Swedish Empire", "Electorate of Hanover", "Kingdom of Hanover", "Czech Republic", "Principality of Wallachia", "Principality of Moldavia", "United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia", "Kingdom of Romania", "Socialist Republic of Romania", "Romania", "Hungarian People's Republic", "Hungary", "Turks", "Kara-Khanids", "Kara-Khitans", "Chagatai Khanate", "Shaybanids", "Emirate of Bukhara", "First Hellenic Republic", "Joseon", "Korean Empire", "Republic of Korea", "Chaulukya Dynasty", "South Africa", "Roman Republic", "Western Roman Empire", "Ostrogothic Kingdom", "Duchy of Benevento", "Norman Italy", "Kingdom of Naples", "Morocco", "Chimu Empire", "Sur Empire", "Chola Empire", "Pandya Empire", "Southern Qi", "German Democratic Republic", "Panthay Rebellion", "Haripuñjaya", "Lan Na Kingdom", "Lan Na", "Chiangmai", "Republic of Moldova", "People's Republic of Bangladesh", "Aztec Triple Alliance", "Republic of Poland", "Haudenosaunee", "Bolivia", "Duchy of Nassau", "Sri Lanka", "Republic of Chile", "Hafsid Dynasty", "Regency of Algiers", "French Algiers", "People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", "Argentine Confederation", "Argentine Republic", "Peloponnesian League", "Macedonian Empire", "Achaean League", "Visigoths", "Principality of Achaea", "Republic of Venice", "Parthian Empire", "Eastern Ganga Kingdom", "Socialist Republic of Vietnam", "Republic of Senegal", "Nanzhao", "Kingdom of Dali", "Tanzania", "Former Zhao", "Rouran Khaganate", "Liao Dynasty", "Anti-Kuomintang Coalition", "Paramara Dynasty", "Berar Sultanate", "Qara Qoyunlu", "Ukraine", "House of Ascania", "Electorate of Saxony", "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", "Duchy of Warsaw", "Viking settlements", "Kingdom of the Isles", "Irish Free State", "Éire", "Later Mayan City-States", "Akkadian Empire", "County of Edessa", "Kingdom of Alba", "Kingdom of Scotland", "Canada", "Maukhari Dynasty", "Pala Empire", "Gahadavala Dynasty", "Jaunpur Sultanate", "Lodi Dynasty", "Republic of Genoa", "Idrisids", "Caliphate of Córdoba", "Almoravid Dynasty", "Almohad Caliphate", "Marinid Sultanate", "Wattasid dynasty", "Saadi Sultanate", "Ghurid Dynasty", "Grand Duchy of Berg", "Electorate of Hesse", "Grand Duchy of Hesse", "Southern Tang", "Mali Empire", "Songhai Empire", "Sena Dynasty", "Sultanate of Bengal", "Teutonic Order", "House of Jagiellon", "Free City of Danzig", "Kingdom of Arles", "County of Savoy", "House of Savoy", "Vichy France", "Emirate of Afghanistan", "Durrani Dynasty", "Kingdom of Afghanistan", "Taliban", "Afghanistan", "Portuguese Colonies", "Republic of Belarus", "United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway", "Kingdom of Sweden", "Emirate of Granada", "Crown of Castile", "Republic of Austria", "Second Republic of Austria", "Federated Republic of Mexico", "Centralist Mexico", "United Provinces of Central America", "Guatemala", "Republic of Ecuador", "Democratic Republic of Vietnam", "Heian Japan", "Kamakura Shogunate", "Ashikaga Shogunate", "Warring States Japan", "Tokugawa Shogunate", "Japan", "Mongol Empire", "Safavid Dynasty", "Qajar Dynasty", "Pahlavi Dynasty", "Islamic Republic of Iran", "Free City of Hamburg", "Wei", "Ngô Dynasty", "Lê Dynasty", "Trịnh lords", "Tây Sơn dynasty", "Nguyễn dynasty", "Rhodesia", "Zimbabwe Rhodesia", "Republic of Zimbabwe", "Republic of Cuba", "Communist Cuba", "Northern Fujiwara", "Republic of Vietnam", "North Yemen", "Bahrain", "Emirate of Nejd", "Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd", "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "Kingdom of Hawaï'i", "Nguyễn lords", "British Cape Colony", "Sagaing Kingdom", "Ava Kingdom", "Funan", "Chenla", "Water Chenla", "Kashmir and Jammu", "Emirate of Diriyah", "Kingdom of Hejaz", "Kingdom of Judah", "Judea", "South African Republic", "Kapisa", "Unified Silla", "Goryeo", "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "Kamarupa Kingdom", "Gupta Empire", "Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty", "Late Pallava Empire", "Beylik of Karaman", "Protectorate of the Western Regions", "Tibetan Empire", "Kingdom of Khotan", "Eastern Kara-Khanids", "Eastern Chagatai Khanate", "Western Moghulistan", "Dzungar Khanate", "Communist Party of China", "Kathmandu", "Nepal", "Kingdom of Lithuania", "Republic of Lithuania", "Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia", "Volga Bulgaria", "Khanate of Kazan", "Zand Dynasty", "Republic of Sudan", "First Bulgarian Empire", "Halych-Volhynia occupation", "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "Crimean Khanate", "Jamaica", "Belgian Congo", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Zaire", "Duchy of Prussia", "Duchy of Sandomierz", "Kingdom of Poland", "Free City of Krakow", "Poles", "Second Polish Republic", "Federation of Malaya", "Malaysia", "Ashanti Empire", "Makuria", "Makuria Kingdom", "State of Kuwait", "Kuwait", "Nara Japan", "Tughlaq Dynasty", "Tibetans", "Tibet", "Balhae", "Portuguese Empire", "Kingdom of Portugal", "Portuguese Republic", "Estado Novo", "People's Republic of Angola", "Grand Duchy of Baden", "Republic of Baden", "Later Zhou", "Han", "Zambia", "Burgundian Kingdom", "Kingdom of Lower Burgundy", "House of Bourbon", "Portugal", "Early Pandyas", "Kalabhra Dynasty", "Pandya Dynasty", "Nayaks of Madurai", "Singhasari", "Majapahit", "Blambangan Kingdom", "Republic of Nicaragua", "Union of Myanmar", "Maynila", "Republic of the Philippines", "Sabaeans", "Mayan City-States", "Early Dynastic Period of Egypt", "Old Kingdom of Egypt", "Lower Egypt", "Hyksos", "Republic of Uganda", "Visigothic Kingdom", "Emirate of Córdoba", "Greek City-States", "Carthage", "Emirate of Sicily", "Duchy of Milan", "Indus Valley Civilization", "Oriental Republic of Uruguay", "Grand Principality of Moscow", "Republic of Kenya", "Duchy of Brittany", "Asuka Japan", "New France", "French Louisiana", "New Netherland", "Sumerian City-States", "Gutian Dynasty", "Babylonia", "Bornu Empire", "Norman England", "Kievan Rus'", "Novgorod Republic", "Electorate of Trier", "Mahdist State", "Zayyanid dynasty", "Kingdom of Norway", "Burkina Faso", "Maurya Empire", "Satavahana Dynasty", "Sultanate of Palembang", "Republic of Panama", "Maitraka Dynasty", "Janapada of Magadha", "Magadha - Haryanka dynasty", "Magadha - Shaishunaga dynasty", "Shunga Empire", "Hanthawaddy Kingdom", "Kingdom of Pergamon", "Indo-Scythians", "Kingdom of Polonnaruwa", "French India", "Mauritius", "Empire of Haiti", "Republic of Haiti", "Republic of Trinidad and Tobago", "Duchy of Bohemia", "Mataram Kingdom", "Kediri Kingdom", "Mataram Sultanate", "Surakarta Sunanate", "Pyu City-States", "Myinsaing Kingdom", "Prome Kingdom", "Kingdom of Neustria", "County of Champagne", "Livonian Conference", "Republic of Latvia", "Duchy of Normandy", "Republic of El Salvador", "Tahirid Sultanate", "Qasimids", "Imamate of Yemen", "Dominican Republic", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Wu", "Yue", "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", "Principality of Smolensk", "Beylik of Saruhan", "Second Bulgarian Empire", "Principality of Bulgaria", "People's Republic of Bulgaria", "Republic of Bulgaria", "Kashmir", "Lohara Dynasty", "Kashmiri Sultanate", "Kalmar Union", "Kingdom of Württemberg", "Elam", "Median Kingdom", "Kingdom of Denmark", "Estonia", "Republic of Estonia", "Tangier International Zone", "Kazakh Khanate", "Khanate of Kokand", "Indo-Greeks", "Eastern Kushans", "Kingdom of Georgia", "Georgia", "Tenochtitlan", "Nayaks of Thanjavur", "Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom", "Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt", "Antigonid Macedonia", "Kingdom of Greece", "Greek junta", "Third Hellenic Republic", "County of Toulouse", "County of Blôis", "County of Anjou", "Capetian House of Anjou", "Salian Franks", "Republic of Slovenia", "Moghulistan", "Tver", "Western Satraps", "Vakataka Kingdom", "Mongolian People's Republic", "Mongolia", "Taifa of Valencia", "Kingdom of Castile", "County of Ribagorza", "Kingdom of León", "Janapada of Kāśī", "House of Habsburg", "Principality of Ryazan", "Duchy of Silesia", "Liang Dynasty", "Qin", "Republic of Armenia", "Western Xia", "Mongol Khanate", "Himyarite Kingdom", "Ziyadid dynasty", "Najahid Dynasty", "Rasulid Dynasty", "Republic of Croatia", "Omani Slave Coast", "People's Republic of Zanzibar", "Taifa of Zaragoza", "Minyue", "Qarmatians", "Uyunid Emirate", "Bahrani Dynasty", "Sultanate of Oman", "House of Khalifa", "Kingdom of Bahrain", "Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt", "Qi", "Lu", "People's Socialist Republic of Albania", "Republic of Albania", "Republic of Benin", "Republic of Burundi", "Republic of Cameroon", "Republic of Chad", "Central African Republic", "Republic of the Congo", "Republic of Costa Rica", "Republic of Rwanda", "Republic of Djibouti", "Equatorial Guinea", "Gabon", "Republic of The Gambia", "Guinea", "Republic of Guinea-Bissau", "Honduras", "Kyrgyzstan", "Republic of Liberia", "Libyan Arab Republic", "State of Libya", "Malawi", "Mali Federation", "Mauritania", "Mozambique", "Republic of the Niger", "State of Qatar", "Federal Republic of Somalia", "South Sudan", "Republic of Tajikistan", "Togo", "Republic of Tunisia", "Turkmenistan", "United Arab Emirates" ], "caves": [ [ "a-nang", "Đà Nẵng", 16.05, 108.21, 1, [ [ 1975, 215952, 2 ], [ 1980, 359553, 2 ], [ 1985, 376216, 2 ], [ 1990, 449988, 2 ], [ 1995, 529066, 2 ], [ 2000, 606880, 2 ], [ 2005, 703455, 2 ], [ 2010, 861252, 2 ], [ 2015, 999180, 2 ], [ 2020, 1131410, 2 ], [ 2025, 1142621, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 41 ], [ 1980, 321 ] ] ], [ "aachen", "Aachen", 50.78, 6.08, 1, [ [ 1300, 21000, 0 ], [ 1500, 18000, 0 ], [ 1600, 16000, 0 ], [ 1700, 15000, 0 ], [ 1750, 19000, 0 ], [ 1800, 23000, 0 ], [ 1849, 50533, 0 ], [ 1900, 135000, 0 ], [ 1975, 197986, 2 ], [ 1980, 198212, 2 ], [ 1985, 190186, 2 ], [ 1990, 188387, 2 ], [ 1995, 200429, 2 ], [ 2000, 197400, 2 ], [ 2005, 211781, 2 ], [ 2010, 200744, 2 ], [ 2015, 194942, 2 ], [ 2020, 212040, 2 ], [ 2025, 243905, 2 ] ], [ [ 1263, 0 ], [ 1800, 1 ], [ 1810, 2 ], [ 1820, 3 ], [ 1870, -1 ], [ 1880, 4 ], [ 1920, 5 ], [ 1930, 6 ], [ 1940, 7 ], [ 1950, 8 ], [ 2000, 9 ] ] ], [ "aba", "Aba", 5.1, 7.35, 1, [ [ 1975, 354073, 2 ], [ 1980, 440728, 2 ], [ 1985, 525702, 2 ], [ 1990, 602866, 2 ], [ 1995, 681294, 2 ], [ 2000, 773454, 2 ], [ 2005, 881176, 2 ], [ 2010, 1000715, 2 ], [ 2015, 1185408, 2 ], [ 2020, 1323787, 2 ], [ 2025, 1428069, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 12 ] ] ], [ "abbottabad", "Abbottabad", 34.18, 73.23, 1, [ [ 1975, 125183, 2 ], [ 1980, 172989, 2 ], [ 1985, 226840, 2 ], [ 1990, 286541, 2 ], [ 1995, 402350, 2 ], [ 2000, 482854, 2 ], [ 2005, 610181, 2 ], [ 2010, 716745, 2 ], [ 2015, 779131, 2 ], [ 2020, 784274, 2 ], [ 2025, 851819, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 139 ] ] ], [ "abeokuta", "Abeokuta", 7.15, 3.35, 2, [ [ 1843, 50000, 0 ], [ 1900, 60000, 0 ], [ 1975, 230270, 2 ], [ 1980, 257633, 2 ], [ 1985, 327869, 2 ], [ 1990, 363475, 2 ], [ 1995, 428929, 2 ], [ 2000, 498163, 2 ], [ 2005, 573902, 2 ], [ 2010, 631774, 2 ], [ 2015, 683995, 2 ], [ 2020, 736345, 2 ], [ 2025, 801826, 2 ] ], [ [ 1828, 10 ], [ 1840, -1 ], [ 1900, 11 ], [ 1970, 12 ] ] ], [ "aberdeen", "Aberdeen", 57.14, -2.1, 1, [ [ 1396, 2977, 0 ], [ 1581, 5833, 0 ], [ 1643, 8750, 0 ], [ 1708, 5556, 0 ], [ 1800, 26000, 0 ], [ 1841, 63288, 0 ], [ 1851, 71973, 0 ], [ 1900, 150000, 0 ] ], [ [ 1359, -1 ] ] ], [ "abidjan", "Abidjan", 5.31, -4.01, 1, [ [ 1975, 1024745, 2 ], [ 1980, 1526281, 2 ], [ 1985, 1935737, 2 ], [ 1990, 2390247, 2 ], [ 1995, 2896490, 2 ], [ 2000, 3441806, 2 ], [ 2005, 3963591, 2 ], [ 2010, 4501574, 2 ], [ 2015, 5105465, 2 ], [ 2020, 6063950, 2 ], [ 2025, 6621711, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 13 ] ] ], [ "aboh", "Aboh", 5.56, 7.29, 1, [ [ 1975, 65349, 2 ], [ 1980, 125708, 2 ], [ 1985, 166435, 2 ], [ 1990, 266153, 2 ], [ 1995, 444000, 2 ], [ 2000, 560420, 2 ], [ 2005, 701904, 2 ], [ 2010, 855143, 2 ], [ 2015, 1005791, 2 ], [ 2020, 1156527, 2 ], [ 2025, 1374320, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 12 ] ] ], [ "abu-zabi-abu-dhabi", "Abū Ẓabī (Abu Dhabi)", 24.44, 54.41, 1, [ [ 1980, 119075, 2 ], [ 1985, 155138, 2 ], [ 1990, 219031, 2 ], [ 1995, 228444, 2 ], [ 2000, 273702, 2 ], [ 2005, 382429, 2 ], [ 2010, 951539, 2 ], [ 2015, 924380, 2 ], [ 2020, 779623, 2 ], [ 2025, 1016460, 2 ] ], [ [ 1977, -1 ] ] ], [ "abuja", "Abuja", 9.07, 7.44, 1, [ [ 1995, 136170, 2 ], [ 2000, 314956, 2 ], [ 2005, 526864, 2 ], [ 2010, 654026, 2 ], [ 2015, 898765, 2 ], [ 2020, 1146940, 2 ], [ 2025, 1373722, 2 ] ], [ [ 1992, 12 ] ] ], [ "acapulco", "Acapulco", 16.88, -99.86, 1, [ [ 1975, 107198, 2 ], [ 1980, 163994, 2 ], [ 1985, 259674, 2 ], [ 1990, 411970, 2 ], [ 1995, 458338, 2 ], [ 2000, 502944, 2 ], [ 2005, 523970, 2 ], [ 2010, 596091, 2 ], [ 2015, 693943, 2 ], [ 2020, 689488, 2 ], [ 2025, 699888, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 37 ] ] ], [ "accra", "Accra", 5.56, -0.2, 1, [ [ 1975, 856210, 2 ], [ 1980, 1167571, 2 ], [ 1985, 1423901, 2 ], [ 1990, 1676168, 2 ], [ 1995, 2166066, 2 ], [ 2000, 2612071, 2 ], [ 2005, 3224177, 2 ], [ 2010, 3938130, 2 ], [ 2015, 4598412, 2 ], [ 2020, 5206925, 2 ], [ 2025, 5592780, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 14 ] ] ], [ "ad-da-ein", "Ad Da'ein", 11.46, 26.13, 1, [ [ 1975, 91104, 2 ], [ 1980, 119370, 2 ], [ 1985, 148826, 2 ], [ 1990, 174887, 2 ], [ 1995, 217400, 2 ], [ 2000, 280085, 2 ], [ 2005, 338328, 2 ], [ 2010, 418479, 2 ], [ 2015, 493640, 2 ], [ 2020, 544674, 2 ], [ 2025, 581730, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 465 ] ] ], [ "ad-dawhah-doha", "Ad-Dawhah (Doha)", 25.26, 51.48, 1, [ [ 1985, 80485, 2 ], [ 1990, 94561, 2 ], [ 1995, 103327, 2 ], [ 2000, 300024, 2 ], [ 2005, 463478, 2 ], [ 2010, 1104055, 2 ], [ 2015, 1603918, 2 ], [ 2020, 1981543, 2 ], [ 2025, 2193708, 2 ] ], [ [ 1982, 691 ] ] ], [ "ad-diwaniyah", "Ad Diwaniyah", 31.99, 44.92, 1, [ [ 1975, 191011, 2 ], [ 1980, 221104, 2 ], [ 1985, 252189, 2 ], [ 1990, 286555, 2 ], [ 1995, 371857, 2 ], [ 2000, 463224, 2 ], [ 2005, 557609, 2 ], [ 2010, 612305, 2 ], [ 2015, 741480, 2 ], [ 2020, 802549, 2 ], [ 2025, 894478, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 205 ], [ 2010, 41 ], [ 2020, 206 ] ] ], [ "adab", "Adab", 31.95, 45.97, 1, [ [ -2800, 10000, 1 ], [ -2500, 20000, 1 ], [ -2400, 10000, 1 ], [ -2300, 10000, 1 ], [ -2200, 30000, 1 ], [ -2100, 10000, 1 ], [ -2000, 10000, 1 ], [ -1900, 10000, 1 ], [ -1800, 10000, 1 ] ], [ [ -2925, 539 ], [ -2300, 343 ], [ -2100, 540 ], [ -2000, 539 ] ] ], [ "adama", "Adama", 8.54, 39.27, 1, [ [ 1975, 67366, 2 ], [ 1980, 98717, 2 ], [ 1985, 141228, 2 ], [ 1990, 193346, 2 ], [ 1995, 241349, 2 ], [ 2000, 292366, 2 ], [ 2005, 316228, 2 ], [ 2010, 376797, 2 ], [ 2015, 438605, 2 ], [ 2020, 534377, 2 ], [ 2025, 584854, 2 ] ], [ [ 1972, 27 ] ] ], [ "adana", "Adana", 37.0, 35.33, 1, [ [ 1800, 30000, 0 ], [ 1900, 30000, 0 ], [ 1975, 473966, 2 ], [ 1980, 544509, 2 ], [ 1985, 693166, 2 ], [ 1990, 765972, 2 ], [ 1995, 767711, 2 ], [ 2000, 749351, 2 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